The fact that this anthem was mostly disseminated with its Latin text prevented it from becoming a true symbol of the country the Polish Bogurodzica continued to fulfill this role for many centuries.ĭuring the partitions (19th century), Bogurodzica was usually printed in patriotic-religious hymnals as the first, most ancient and revered song, followed by Boże coś Polskę/God save Poland, Z dymem pożarów/With the smoke of fires, and Dąbrowski Mazurka. Stanislaus is one of the patrons of Poland. Stanislaus, killed by the king Bolesław Smiały in the early 11th century. This beautiful anthem is dedicated to the memory of bishop St. A page from one of the manuscripts of “Gaude Mater Poloniae”. Another religious song that in time became a patriotic anthem associated with the historical traditions of the Polish state was Gaude Mater Poloniae. This “hymn of the nation” must have been very popular, since despite the many wars that ravaged Poland, it survived in sixteen manuscripts dating from the period between the 15th and the 18th century. According to the research of Professor Hieronim Feicht, whose extensive essay on this topic appears in Studia nad Muzyką Polskiego Średniowiecza/Studies of the Music of the Polish Middle Ages, Bogurodzica has textual links with the Czech Republic and Eastern Christianity, and musical links with early French songs, folk music and the plainchant of the Latin Church. It was sung by the Polish troops in the battle against the Teutonic Knights held at Grunwald in 1410 (one of the landmark events in Polish history, defending national independence) and served as a coronation anthem for the Jagiellon dynasty of Polish kings through out the sixteenth century. Postcard issued by the National Library of Poland. Nonetheless, this beautiful, quiet chant served the country as its anthem and was called, for instance by Jan Długosz, “carmen patrium”/the song of the homeland.” Senate Session from Laski’s book of 1506. It is addressed to Mary asking her for intercession and it does not mention issues of national identity. This ancient chant, one of the earliest written documents of the Polish language, has a firm place in Polish cultural history.īogurodzica is a religious hymn, a simple prayer for personal happiness on earth and for a blessed life in heaven. While the British hymn God Save the King/Queen (first printed in the middle of the 18th century) is often described as the earliest national anthem, it should be, rather, called the first “state anthem.” It was preceded by many earlier national hymns, including the Polish Bogurodzica/The Mother of God which originated as far back as the 13th century. The English term “national anthems” has a Polish equivalent of “state hymns” – and both terms have the same meaning if the nation and the state are one if not – and this happened in Polish history – important differences arise, some of which will be discussed here. Introduction: A Brief History of National Anthems by Maja Trochimczyk
Mazurek Dąbrowskiego , 18th c.īoże, coś Polskę , 19th c.
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